HISTORY
The subject of study is the biography and scientific heritage of D. G. Messerschmidt and the first scientific expedition to Siberia he headed by him. The subject is considered in close connection with the object that became the scientific environment and the state policy in the field of science and the development of Siberia of the first half of the 18th century. The study is carried out using civilizational methodology and traditional methods of historical research: historical, genetic, chronological, comparative, retrospective and promising. The biographical method played a special role, which allowed to present the integral picture of the personality of D. G. Messerschmidt and form his historiographical image.
The result of the work was the definition of the objective role of the scientist in a complex study of Siberia. Particular attention is paid to the study of the natural and historical wealth of Kuzbass. The authors believe that the merit of the discovery of coal cannot be attributed to one person. It belongs to a number of ryudovites, travelers and scientists, a special place among whom is occupied by D. G. Messerschmidt. The article concludes that the frst complex scientific expedition to Siberia became the main thing in the life of the scientist. The discoveries and scientific achievements of the expedition at each stage of its activities are considered. The main attention is paid to the Tomsk-Kuznetsk period of the expedition, when the main discoveries were made in the territory of Kuzbass. The authors hope that the material presented by them will serve as a step towards the creation of a true historiographic image of Messerschmidt and contribute to his worthy place in the history of Russian science.
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
In the light of the ongoing political, cultural and economic processes, the issue of ethnic identity is becoming particularly relevant. The change in ethnic identity cannot but be influenced by migration processes, which have intensified and are actively taking place over the past few decades. It is important to understand how different ethnic groups coexist in a multinational state. This underlines the importance and necessity of understanding the processes of ethnic identity formation and interethnic communication processes.
The state of ethnic identity (its integration) largely determines the possibility of a tolerant attitude towards other ethnic groups. The process of forming ethnic identity does not occur in isolation from its other components (confessional, civil, gender, professional, etc.) and is largely determined by the nature of the social communities in which a young person is a member.
Belonging to a certain community allows a person not only to feel part of the whole, to share the rules, norms and traditions of this whole, but also gives a sense of security, cohesion, security. Satisfaction of most of the psychological needs is possible under the condition of membership in significant groups, collectives. Being in a state of isolation, exclusion from social communities creates prerequisites for the formation of deviations.
The subject of research in this paper is the representation of ethnic identity (on the example of the Kemerovo region).
In the course of the research, content analysis methods, hermeneutic procedures for analyzing scientific literature on the research topic, and a questionnaire survey were used.
As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that ethnic identity is positively represented in the minds of the youth of the Kemerovo region.
ECONOMY
The article deals with the urgent problem of countering the growing negative impact of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy from unfriendly Western countries. The subject of the study is a predictive assessment of the development of the Russian economy based on changes in the values of a number of basic economic indicators.
In the course of the study, the chronology of the sanctions confrontation between Russia and unfriendly Western countries was established, and the content of economic restrictions was determined. The distinction between the concepts of economic growth and economic development has been clarified. An analysis of the main indicators of economic development, their dynamics is proposed, and the main trends are revealed. Research methods used in the work: statistical data processing, information analysis, comparison, generalization, extrapolation. Based on the study of the current problems of the sanctions impact on the economic development of Russia, the main conclusions of the study are formulated. The results of outlook assessments of the main economic indicators are ambiguous and multidirectional. At the same time, the consistency and systematic approach used in the development of measures to counter Western economic sanctions, their immediate implementation, as well as the full and timely financing of a set of planned measures, makes it possible to achieve the targets and at the same time contributes to economic growth and development (strengthening and fuller involvement) of the country's social and economic potential.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Nepal, landlocked by Asian giants, Dragon and Tiger, is struggling with its internal political instability. On the one side, China is emerging as leader of Global South, extending its influence to the South Asia. On the other hands, India itself pursue as the leader of South Asia. The US is increasing its engagements in the region to deter China. Nepal situated in the geopolitical sensitive location striving with its internal political turmoil. Lack of the incompetency of political leadership, internal conflict between political parties, is causing unstable government. This instability has raising public dissatisfactions. With observations of the internal politics and analyzing the available literature, this article concludes, Nepal is in risk of being pawn in the geopolitical competition and the battle ground for these competitions.