The article reveals aspects of a new research direction – astrosociology, and examines problems that can be solved within the framework of this discipline. One of the areas of empirical astrosociology can be considered public opinion polls. The paper presents the problems of sociological research that reveals the public's attitude towards space exploration (based on surveys by VTsIOM and FOM).

The subject is research areas of astrosociology. The research materials were based on survey data from VTsIOM and FOM. Also in March 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the opinions of students of Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia on space exploration issues: a picture was drawn up of the level of awareness and degree of interest of students in space topics.

We can conclude that astrosociology should be considered a branch sociological discipline based on sociological methodology. They are designed to study astrosocial phenomena - social, cultural and behavioral patterns associated with outer space.

It is a multidisciplinary field, including such disciplines as psychology, anthropology, economics, social psychology, political science, space history, space law, etc.

The issues of sociological research that reveal the public’s attitude towards space exploration include: measuring the level of awareness and interest in space topics, studying the social base of supporters of space exploration, studying support for space programs, assessing the role of the state and business in space exploration, assessing the place and prospects of Russia in space exploration and other topics.

A questionnaire survey conducted at Kemerovo State Medical University showed that students’ awareness of cosmonauts and people who contributed to space exploration is quite high, but deeper questions about space, as well as questions regarding recent events in this area, cause difficulties for respondents. At the same time, the majority of students surveyed are interested in studying this topic, especially space medicine.

Belonging to a virtual community for a modern person is an important need for involvement in the Internet environment, since almost all social institutions (offices, universities, shops, government bodies) and personal relationships have been transferred to the virtual space. The relevance of studying virtual identity is determined by its significance as a phenomenon of modern social interaction. Virtual identity is considered as a subsystem of a person’s ego-identity, reflecting the accepted norms of communication of the virtual community and the psychological characteristics of Internet communication. The structure of virtual identity includes the following components: a tendency towards cyber addiction, a virtual image and the acceptance of a subculture. The subject of research in this work is the psychological characteristics and content of a person’s virtual identity. The scientific methods used included an analysis of psychological literature, a review of publications on the subject of research, a psychological study of virtual identity, and a generalization of the data obtained. The results of the study record the reasons for the possible discrepancy between real and virtual personal identities, features of the formation of virtual identity, and characteristics of its structural components. The conclusions of the work note that the degree of expression of each structural component of virtual identity can vary significantly according to the level of Internet addiction or its absence, indicators of activity and vitality, as well as individual psychological characteristics.

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the functioning of English and Russian verbs with the general meaning of «lying on the terrain, bordering on other objects», found when designating the boundaries of juxtaposed static natural objects in space with the implementation of the dominant component «spatial limit» and the additional semantic feature «open boundary» (without complete encirclement of some objects by others). It is shown that the language environment in which the verbs actualize these semantic features is a local situation formed in the text by a complex of multipart-of-speech units with local semantics. The language material was obtained by the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources and texts using the techniques of component, contextual, and comparative analysis.
The research revealed that the primary condition for the formation of a local situation of description of a fragmentary space filled with borderline juxtaposed objects is the presence of an observer who, with his position and gaze, as a frame, fragments the perceived areas of space, traces or visually fixes the boundaries of objects. The conditions for the actualization of verbs of their dominant semantic components and additional features are determined depending on the stylistics of linguistic schematization and the topology of objects. The implementation of the phenomenon of super-detailing when describing fragments of space in the text is shown. A conclusion is made about the significance of including in the structure of a local situation multipart-of-speech units with local semantics with the dominant component «spatial limit» and the semantic feature «open boundary» for representing the fragmentarity of space at the level of a sentence and text.

The subject of the article is the theoretical problem of organizing the narrative in literary works, the central event of which is the experience of the pre-mortem state. The method of immanent and comparative analysis of texts (An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by A. Bierce, Terra Incognita by V. Nabokov and At Night, on My Back, Face Up by J. Cortazar) and a wide literary context were used to obtain material for theoretical conclusions about the specifics of imagination associated with death in literary narrative. In the considered cases, at the level of the act of narration, the text narrating the imagination preceding dying is mimetic. We have identified the prevalence of an objectifying narrative using indirect speech and violation of the boundaries of utterance, which brings the pre-mortem narrative closer to the so-called «unnatural» narrative. The plot of the story is destroyed through discourse, canceling the events experienced by the protagonist in the act of imagination preceding death. At the same time, the hero's passage through the moment of dying, accompanied by an act of imagination, reveals the archetypal meanings of death as an exit into the space of an ideal / in finite world, as falling asleep / waking up, or as an event that reveals the true meaning of human existence being completed. The findings complement the theory of "unnatural narrative" and expand the ideas of Narratology about how a narrative about an altered / borderline state of consciousness is constructed in a fictional text.

The article examines the causes and chronology of the confrontation between Arabs and Israelis in the Middle East. The methods used in the study included a review of scientific literature, publications in periodicals, and interviews with competent experts. Despite the fact that there are different opinions regarding the territorial boundaries of the Middle East, most researchers attribute the territories of Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa to this region. The ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict is a pressing issue in this destination; this article is devoted to finding the causes, identifying the participants and beneficiaries. A brief historical background is given regarding the emergence and development of two states: Israel and Palestine. An attempt is made to identify the causes of the conflict, which lies in the economic, political and religious planes. The activities and specifics of extremist movements in the Middle East, as well as their sponsors and patrons. Conclusions were made that it is possible to resolve this conflict by creating a full-fledged Palestinian state based on the principle of “two peoples – two states”; agreeing on permanent borders for Palestine through negotiations with the participation of all interested countries; determining the status of Jerusalem; and returning Palestinian refugees who have left the Israeli-occupied territory.

The healthcare system of the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass is represented by a wide network of medical and preventive institutions of the state, municipal, departmental sectors and medical institutions of private ownership. The article presents the characteristics of the current state of the healthcare system of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass and the structure of financing institutions under the Territorial Program of state guarantees. The problems of the healthcare system have been identified, among which the main ones are: an increase in the incidence of the population; a decrease in the birth rate; the shortage of qualified medical workers, the weakening of the position of medical science, high dependence on imported medicines, the lack of a unified policy for the healthcare system, limited financial support and an increase in the financial burden on the population; inequality in the availability and quality of medical services, etc. To improve the functioning of the compulsory health insurance system, the authors proposed effective solutions to cover the financing deficit of medical institutions in the Russian Federation and Kuzbass, taking into account regional constraints, as well as the conditions of the economic crisis and budget cuts for healthcare.

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of managing a private investor's securities portfolio, considers the main methods of securities management, and determines the features of their application. The subject of the research is investing in securities, in particular, the features of managing the investment portfolio of a private investor in modern conditions. To achieve these goals, generally accepted methods of collecting, processing and analyzing information, general and special literature were used, content analysis, methods of comparison and generalization were also used.
In the course of the study, the styles of investing in securities are identified and the main approaches to the classification of securities portfolios are formulated, the classification of types of securities portfolios adopted in Russian practice is given. The paper compares the basics of the traditional approach to investment portfolio management with the modern portfolio theory, identifies the features of the application of portfolio theory in modern conditions, and identifies the main financial instruments of the securities market that contribute to attracting private investors and developing the stock market in Russia.
As a result of the study, it is concluded that there is a process of simplification of private investment practices through the emergence and use of a number of protective instruments of the stock market, whether it is a reduction in the cost of diversification through the use of exchange-traded investment funds, or the emergence of protective parts in structured financial products.

The article raises the problem of exporting Russian education. It is noted that recently we can talk about the intensification of educational activities of Russian universities in the direction of providing educational services and strengthening activities on the problems of adaptation of foreign students to new conditions for them.
This issue currently occupies a fairly serious place in the life of many Russian universities.
The article also notes that the export of higher education is not only an item of income in the national economy, but is of particular importance and relevance as a tool of «soft power», thereby expanding the possibilities for promoting national interests and the interests of the region. Internationalization of the educational activities of the university is considered as a traditional mechanism for transmitting the quality of Russian education and national cultural values.
The article used methods of content analysis, systematization and classification of information contained in theoretical sources, regulatory legal acts, information and analytical materials.

The subject of the study is the features of the implementation of cluster technology at the advanced stage of teaching English of medicine to improve the terminological literacy of students when working with the content of multi-structured components of a foreign-language medical text in the context of educational communication in small and large groups. The object of the study is cluster technologies aimed at the assimilation by students of medical terms of increased complexity,included in the array of multi-structured text of a textbook on clinical medicine in English and implemented in the process of educational communication based on critical thinking and creativity of students. The multifunctionality of the technology application in the process of communication skills formation is shown, which consists in solving a number of pedagogical and educational tasks. To conduct the study, pedagogical experience was summarized and analyzed, and based on the results of a comparative critical analysis, material was selected from the corpus of communicative tasks performed in the style of the cluster.
The conducted research revealed that the cluster, as a teaching technology, functions effectively at the stages of working with the conceptual content of the text, which has multi-structure components (tables, figures) and terms of increased complexity, implemented in the format of educational communication. The possibility of studying the conceptual content of the text and individual medical terms in the process of communication in the reverse manner is shown, which is ensured by the nature of the organization of concepts in the cluster according to the principle of «from the general to the particular» and «from the particular to the general». The scientific novelty is an attempt to analyze the potential of the cluster technology in ensuring effective and high-quality understanding by students of medical terms and text containing multi-structure components, implemented in the process of educational professionally oriented communication.

The article is devoted to topical issues of motivation of first-year students to actively master the disciplines of the humanities. The subject of the study is the stages and factors of the formation of motivation to study the Latin language among students of medical universities. The research methods used are: analysis of scientific literature, modeling, pedagogical experiment, interviewing, observation. The results of the study are presented by describing the role of students and teachers at each of the four stages of the motivation formation process: initial interest (extrinsic motivation), awareness of the studied material value (intrinsic motivation), development of self-efficacy (sustained intrinsic motivation), self-realization (integration into the professional sphere). It is shown that the teacher at all designated stages must take into account three factors influencing the formation of motivation: pedagogical strategies (the use of interactive and digital technologies, the implementation of an individual approach to students); a favorable learning environment (ensuring the availability and quality of educational materials, creating comfortable physical conditions and a supportive emotional atmosphere); personal characteristics of students (previous experience in learning foreign languages, interests and values). In conclusion, the  authors offer a number of recommendations to teachers on improving the educational process in the discipline «Latin language».