The article evaluates the activities of Alexander Nevsky as a national hero. The questions of the exploits of Alexander Nevsky are raised, the recognition of his services to the Fatherland at the state level, the Russian Orthodox Church, in Russian culture and the Russian people as a whole.

The article highlights the history of the city of Osh - one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley and the Central Asian region. The study reveals its rich history as an important military-strategic, trade-economic, cultural center on the Great Silk Road, as the capital of the ancient state of Davan. Medieval Osh was an important service point for transit, international trade. It was the very city where the interests of nomads, nomadic civilization and farmers, the civilization of a sedentary population converged. The article focuses on the city as a center where the interests and cultures of a number of large ethnic groups intertwined. The author seeks to prove that the city of Osh turned out to be a center of mixing of two linguistic cultures - Indo-Iranian and Turkic, two races - Caucasoid and Mongoloid. The uniqueness of the city of Osh is shown from the point of view of studying such world religious cultures as Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.

The object of the study is smallpox vaccination. The work reflects the main stages in the fight against smallpox. The leading role of vaccination on the path to the elimination of smallpox on the planet is noted. Shown are the fears associated with smallpox vaccinations and mistrust of vaccination at different stages of the fight against smallpox. An attempt has been made through the problems of smallpox vaccination to draw a parallel with the current epidemiological situation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Scientists were the first to speak about the negative consequences of nuclear tests conducted in the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France already in the 50s of the last century. After the conclusion of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Tests in the Atmosphere and Under Water in 1963, underground tests continued in these countries. New members of the "nuclear club" have appeared. The paper analyzes the reasons and conditions for the beginning of a universal ban on nuclear weapons testing. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty entered into force only thirty years after the closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site.

The article discusses the current challenges of Russian healthcare in the light of the implementation of social equality principle. There is a tendency ofgrowing stratification and disintegration in the society. In methodological terms, equality in a broad social context is presented as an ethical concept which offers moral judgements and criteria concerning people's life and health related issues. The result of the study indicatesthat equality should be understood as a certain type of social relations which allow all citizens to have equal rights and opportunities to receive quality medical care and lead a healthy lifestyle. The conclusion presents justification of the necessity for Russia to reinforceits socially oriented policy and encourage joint efforts of the whole society in developing the healthcare sector and ensuring social equality and justice.

The parliamentary elections of 2021 have become a turning point in the recent political history of Germany. The problems of political and personnel renewal, the fate of the legacy of the outgoing Chancellor Angela Merkel, the issue of the "green economy", building relations with other EU countries, the United States, Russia and China were on the agenda. The author of the article examines the situation of a "new balance" in German politics, associated with a new balance of forces between the main political parties represented in parliament — which he associates with the refusal of a considerable part of voters to support the party associations that they previously supported. Singling out as the most likely outcome of the coalition negotiations the formation of a coalition based on the "traffc light" model (SPD— Green Party — FDP), the author believes that the further development of the situation in inter-party relations will depend on the situation in the German economy.

The crises of political development in post-Soviet societies and states are characterized by a variety of specific forms and manifestations. Modern Ukraine is experiencing a longterm crisis associated with the destruction of key factors designed to ensure the stability of political and socio-economic models. The attempt of the current Ukrainian government to maintain the anti-Russian vector in politics and continue the liberal-monetarist course in the economy, coupled with a reduction in mobilization opportunities and a decrease in the electoral base of the regime, pushes it to an extraordinary decision – the gradual introduction of elements of dictatorship into political practice. The author of the presented work makes an attempt to analyze the political context, within which the course for the establishment of a personalized dictatorial power is implemented in the special political conditions of modern Ukraine, the specifics are characterized and the possible prospects of modern Ukrainian Bonapartism are evaluated.

Today, in the century of intense globalization at the forefront of the dynamically developing world, the economic system transformation of the international order takes particular importance. China and Kazakhstan in 21st century are one of the rapidly growing economies in the world and have a huge potential and opportunities of economic growth. The paper examines the bilateral relationships between China and Kazakhstan in the context of a strategic partnership accompanied by diplomatic exchanges. It should be noted that bilateral relationships have passed the path from China’s XUAR border trade until strategic partnership consisting of the Belt and Road Initiative. Nowadays both countries China and Kazakhstan take a significant advantage. The strategic importance of Kazakhstan situated in Central Asia for China is increasingly manifested in the economic sphere, the preservation of regional security is crucial for both states, primarily for the economic development. In turn, for Kazakhstan a critical obvious advantage of cooperation with China was the transport and logistics connectivity to the current international trade artery between the West and China.

Disasters have been a subject of admiration for moviegoers since the silent film epic, and this interest continues to this day. The article analyzes films, the plot of which is the picture of a pandemic - a sudden, rapid and large-scale spread of a deadly virus. This new situation is associated with the appeal of art to the images of catastrophes, which, being part of the external world, simultaneously correspond with the internal state of the individual, or are opposed to his aspirations, feelings and fate. Currently, this topic is relevant and important not only in art history, but also in social terms. Films about pandemics, representing a subgenre of disaster films, reveal numerous everyday, social and even military-political problems, but most importantly, they show people living and acting within this dificult situation. The popularity of these films cannot be explained in terms of their entertainment value alone, and this is something that in itself needs to be explained.

The article discusses the concept of oniomania as one of the types of addictive (dependent) behavior in the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Emotional addiction is characterized by a persistent desire to "escape from reality" by fixing on certain activities, in this case, on the passion for shopping. The psychological mechanism of oniomania contains compulsive buying behavior; increasing emotional stress, which is relieved in the process of acquisitions; the emergence of joy and euphoria at moments of realization of addiction and a feeling of guilt after making purchases.

In the conditions of modern realities, rather high attention is paid to the problem of socio-psychological adaptation and its substantive essence in the framework of teaching students with disabilities in general, and students with visual impairments, in particular, in educational institutions. This problem today, as a problem of preserving and increasing the psychological and social health of visually impaired students (in our case, visually impaired students) is focused on the implementation of solutions within the framework of open and accessible education. The most important factor of accessible education in the system of higher education is the need to develop various models of social and psychological adaptation of visually impaired students, reflecting all kinds of aspects of educational activity (including the process of physical education). The purpose of the study is to develop a model of social and psychological adaptation of visually impaired students in the process of studying at a university and to substantiate a pilot study that emphasizes the correctness of the identified indicators of social and psychological adaptation. The article used the methods of theoretical analysis, descriptive method, pedagogical modeling, synthesis-isolation of structures, the method of regression analysis. Scope of the results: educational process in a higher educational institution, the pedagogical process of physical education, correctional pedagogy, psychological and pedagogical support of students with disabilities.

Throughout history, mankind periodically faces pandemics and epidemics. The emergence of the new COVID-19 virus in December 2019 posed a socio-economic and geopolitical threat to society. The introduction of restrictive measures created high risks of a deep economic downturn: a demand shock, a consumption shock, and financial market instability. The article analyzes the dynamics of the gross domestic product of the three leading economies of the world and builds a five-year forecast for which the extrapolation method is used. The government's plan of priority measures to ensure sustainable economic development in the context of a new coronavirus infection and its implementation are analyzed.

In the article, in the context of the theory of naive perception of space, the means that model space in the language of fiction in English and Russian languages and painting are considered. It is noted that naive ideas about space are reflected in the material and spiritual experience of the people - the bearers of a given language, and can be specific to the nation and its culture. In the language the association of space with the concept of «place» gives rise to the inclusion of deictic means in the process of modeling egocentric space, while the figure of the speaker (observer) is given a mandatory status. The potential of the lexical-semantic group of English and Russian verbs in creating local situations with the general meaning «to open a spatial scene in front of the observer», using the methods of continuous vocabulary sampling, techniques of component, contextual and comparative analysis is shown. The novelty of the article lies in the attempt to compare the linguistic and artistic means of modeling space on the example of N. K. Roerich's paintings and essays. The research material can be used by university teachers of English and Russian languages and in project work of students studying Russian and English as a foreign language. The author concludes that there is a correlation between linguistic and artistic images of space.