The article studies medical risk as a problem of bioethics. Its relevancy is due to the fact that, in some cases, the treatment and the application of new technologies can lead to undesirable consequences. The methodological basis of the research is a systemic approach that involves an ethical risk analysis in the professional activity of a doctor. The subject of the study is the moral constituents of medical risk and humane ways of its optimization. As a result, the qualitative parameters of risks and the classification of their types due to different criteria were specified. The author highlights the features of the medical workers’ activity which can predetermine a higher level of risk. The latter may be morally grounded on a doctor’s confidence in a favorable treatment outcome and the exhaustion of other medical avenues. The article describes the fundamental principles and rules that ensure the protection of human health, human rights and safety. The same is true with the medical workers themselves. In connection with this, the issue of risk management is given a thorough attention. The conclusion formulates a statement about the inevitability of a certain risk factor in doctors’ professional practice and the need for its ethical justification and minimization. It is of vital importance that all medical actions should be carried out on the basis of the moral attitude towards the safety of a human life and the inadmissibility of doing harm.

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the functioning of English and Russian verbs with the general meaning «lying on the ground to have a beginning/end» revealed in indicating the edges of fragments of space and natural objects filling it in local situations involving different parts of speech. The language material was obtained by continuous sampling from lexicographic sources and texts using techniques of component, contextual, comparative analysis. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed thatthe context of a local situation acts as a necessary and sufficient environment in which the functioning of verbs with the studied semantics leads to the implementation of the «edge» component when describing a natural object. It is shown that marking the edge of a fragment of space or an object as the «beginning/end» depends on the presence of the observer’s figure within the spatial scene, the dynamics of his movement along the fragment of space, the location at the time of image creation and the direction of gaze. The subjects with a specific topology requiring special schematization of spatial relations are identified. It is noted that the location of the observer within the reference scene, the direction of his gaze provide semantic variability of the local situation with these subjects, in which verbal predicates actualize the meaning «beginning/end». The novelty of the research consists in the practical development of theoretical aspects of the semantics of spatial relations in terms of studying the means of expressing the edges of spatial fragments and objects that make up its structure. The conclusion is made about the importance of the complex use of different parts of speech with local semantics in local situations for the implementation of the meaning «beginning/end» by verbs.

This article discusses didactic techniques for teaching Russian as a foreign language. Subject of research: development of phonics skills, skills of understanding foreign language speech “by ear” in an authentic language environment. The article analyzes the features of the pronunciation of Russian sounds by foreign students. The following methods were used in the study: comparative, descriptive, elements of a total selection of phonetic material. Particular attention is paid to the phonetic stage, which is the most difficult and responsible in the formation of correct pronunciation. It is noted that even for those who have previously studied Russian, the pronunciation of some sounds in an authentic environment is particularly difficult. Particular difficulties arise in the process of developing pronunciation skills when studying the Russian language by foreign students. Typically, the general phonetic period lasts from two to four months, depending on the level of training of the students, the motivation of the students and the similarity of the sounds of the native language in relation to the target language. The results of the study include an analysis of typical phonetic errors. Conclusions: for the successful development of phonemic skills of the Russian language, it is necessary not only the personal participation and skill of the teacher, but also the psychological attitude of the students; material factor (availability of necessary technical means of training); immersion in an authentic language environment.

The article is devoted to the organization of the educational process in the discipline «The Latin language» in Kemerovo State Medical University. The object of the study is a set of interactive methods used while studying Latin as a language of professional communication. The article aims to present a step-by-step plan for conducting a training session in the Latin language with the usage of interactive learning technologies. Research methods include analysis of scientific literature and modeling. The results of the study are presented with a detailed description of the interactive training session on the topic «Revision of Greek-Latin clinical terminology», indicating the roles performed by the educator and students in the framework of several interactive technologies (interactive mini-lecture (expert consulting), pair work, small group work, discussion); didactic materials on the topic of interactive training session, developed by the authors of the paper. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the shift in the focus of activity from the educator to the students, carried out during the use of interactive techniques in Latin training sessions, contributes to the formation of the necessary linguistic and extralinguistic communicative competencies of future medical professionals.