Тhe article examines the USSR experience in developing healthcare in the 1920−30s in Kuzbass through the prism of modern healthcare policy. The subject of the study is the methods of the Bolsheviks used in the construction of the healthcare system in the Kuznetsk region in the context of domestic domestic political practice. The main method in accordance with the topic is the historical and chronological method, as well as the principles of consistency and historicism. The study is based on a serious source base: archival materials, documents of government and the party in the Soviet period, as well as media materials. Given the historical realities of the 1920−30s, it is important to note that by Kuzbass (Kuznetsk region) the author means the territory of 3 counties of the Tomsk region − Shcheglovsky, Kuznetsky and Mariinsky, which will be allocated to a separate region by 1943. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the experience of the Soviet government is sufficiently used in the implementation of current policies for the development of healthcare. The instruments considered can be classified as universal and therefore their relevance is beyond doubt. A significant difference is the system of methods for implementing reforms in modern healthcare chosen by senior government officials. 

The paper discusses the ethical aspects of the problem of good and evil in biomedical activity. Its significance for medicine and ecology is substantiated. Moral relationships between medical workers and patients constitute the object of the research. The subject is the content and mechanisms which are applied to implement these principles in medical practice. The author resorts to an ethical approach revealing the categories of good and evil from the viewpoint of stances and interaction of the participants in the treatment process. The results of the study are reflected in the analysis of various interpretations of good and evil, as well as their value bases. Evil is destructive, but thereby it gives rise to the need for good. The latter requires a special life-affirming energy and striving for the common benefit. The conditions for good are reaching an agreement, mutual assistance and fairness. It is crucially important to comply with the moral norms and rules for providing medical care. Hence, the article explores such issues as coordination of the doctor - patient interests and the strategy of the least evil. The conclusion states the possibility of combining, but not full merging, of positive and negative phenomena in medical practice. The ethical task is to minimize the harm and increase the good. It is necessary to develop in a healthcare worker the moral consciousness focused on goodness and mercy. 

The subject of the study is the most general foundations of modern philosophy of nature and the possibility of their transformation. It is stated that the modern philosophy of nature is a philosophy of domination. She was born in Modern Europe, when subjectivity in reflection was completely isolated from nature. Nature has acquired the real status of a lifeless object of human manipulation. The theoretical legitimization of this attitude to nature was the mechanistic – Cartesian – metaphysics of Modern times. The consequences of the attitude towards nature legitimized by the philosophy of Modern Times manifested themselves in the form of an ecological crisis.

Method of research is inductive-genealogical. Since the last third of the 20th century, there have been attempts to overcome this metaphysics and offer it an alternative. The authors find signs of this aspiration in the conceptual and educational activities of the Club of Rome, in the concepts of «sustainable development» and «coevolution» with nature. The work explicates the elements of the philosophy of nature hidden in these concepts.

The authors see objective idealism as the most satisfactory philosophy of nature. It is in the philosophy of objective idealism that nature is considered as a spirit in potency. Thus, the spiritual principle and one's own dignity are seen in nature. The activities of the Club of Rome, the concepts of «sustainable development» and «coevolution» have among their spiritual prerequisites not only anthropologism, scientism and positivism, but also cosmism: the desire to understand humanity as the actualized mind of nature. It is stated that in this way the philosophy of nature, hidden in these concepts, tries to «grow» to an objectively idealistic attitude towards nature and express the idea of a new unity of humanity and nature. 

Today, the need for patriotic education is obvious in order to strengthen the foundations of the sovereignty of the Russian state, its internal value unity and national identity. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the target audience – students, so that educational efforts achieve results: a conscious civic position and a patriotic attitude towards their country. By the time they enter universities and other educational institutions after school, students already have an initial civic position and attitude towards their Motherland. The study of these initial ideas among students is the main goal of this work. The object of the study is student youth as a socio-demographic group. The subject of the study is the content of the «patriot» concept in the minds of student youth. During the study, the following methods were used: questionnaire survey, content analysis, hermeneutic procedures for analyzing literature on the research topic. In the results of the study, the majority of respondents’ answers reflect complete agreement with the etymological core of the concept «patriot». This gives grounds to appeal to the existing formed ideas of student youth, to their initial civic position and patriotic feelings in planning and conducting educational activities. 

In modern science, sibling relationships are understood as relationships between siblings. The foundations of the psychology of siblings were laid in the works of A. Adler and F. Galton, in which the leading role for the formation of individual psychological characteristics was given to the position of the child in the family - the order of his birth. Based on the order of birth, there are several family positions of siblings: the youngest, middle child, eldest child, only child, etc., they can vary depending on gender, age, age difference. The subject of research in this work is sibling relationships and their psychological characteristics. As scientific methods, a review of classical approaches to the problem of siblings and sibling relationships, an analysis of modern psychological research, a discussion and generalization of the results were used. The results of the study indicate that sibling relationships as an independent subsystem of the family stand out if several children are being raised at the same time and this form of relationship is closely related to child-parent and marital relationships. The conclusions of the work note that the discussed trends in psychological characteristics, formed depending on the child’s family position and the form of his relationships with other siblings, are probabilistic in nature and can vary based on the social, cultural-historical situation and many other factors. 

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of a private investor’s securities portfolio, considers the basic principles of portfolio investment, and determines the dynamics and trends of the modern domestic securities market. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the formation of the investment portfolio of a private investor.

In the course of the study, the following methods were used: statistical and dynamic analysis, methods of comparison and generalization, as well as the method of synthesis of scientific literature. In the course of the study, significant differences in the portfolio investment of private and corporate investors were revealed: the amount of available funds, the approach to asset management, and cognitive capabilities. The principles of forming an investment portfolio are determined: conservatism, diversification and liquidity. A comparison of the achieved level of development of the stock markets of the Russian Federation, the United States, and Europe is made. The article structures the sequence of formation of a securities portfolio, and also illustrates a model of mathematical analysis of the quality of an investment portfolio in terms of its profitability and risk.

As a result of the study, it is concluded that the steady trend towards the growth of private investment with extrapolation for six periods ahead is explained by the increase in the costs of alternative investment: a decrease in interest rates on deposits of individuals, which lag behind the inflation rate; rising costs of real investment.